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Sahih al-Bukhari in pdf
Sahih al-Bukhari (Arabic: صحيح البخاري),
as it is commonly referred to as, is one of the six canonical hadith
lections of Sunni Islam. These prophetic traditions, hadith were lected
by the Muslim scholar Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari (810-870) and
compiled during his lifetime. Most Sunni Muslims view this as their most
trusted lection of hadith and it is considered the most authentic book
after the Qur'an.
Actual title
The
actual title of the book commonly referred to as Sahih al-Bukhari,
according to Ibn al-Salah, is: al-Jaami’ al-Sahih al-Musnad al-Mukhtasar
min Umur Rasool Allah wa sunanihi wa Ayyamihi. A word for word
translation is: The Abridged Collection of Authentic Hadith with
Connected Chains regarding Matters Pertaining to the Prophet, His
practices and His Times.[2] Ibn Hajar mentioned the same title replacing
the word umur, matters, with hadith.
Reasons for compiling the Sahih
At
the time when Bukhari saw [the earlier] works and conveyed them, he
found them, in their presentation, combining between what would be
considered sahih and hasan and that many of them included da’if hadith.
This aroused his interest in compiling hadith whose authenticity was
beyond doubt. What further strengthened his resolve was something his
teacher, Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Hanthalee – better known as Ibn Rahoyah –
had said. Muhammad ibn Ismaa’eel al-Bukhari said, “We were with Ishaq
ibn Rahoyah who said, ‘If only you would compile a book of only
authentic narrations of the Prophet.’ This suggestion remained in my
heart so I began compiling the Sahih.” Bukhari also said, “I saw the
Prophet in a dream and it was as if I was standing in front of him. In
my hand was a fan with which I was protecting him. I asked some dream
interpreters, who said to me, ‘You will protect him from lies.’ This is
what compelled me to produce the Sahih.
Authenticity
Ibn
al-Salah said: "The first to author a Sahih was Bukhari, Abu ‘Abdillah
Muhammad ibn Ismaa’eel al-Ju’fee, followed by Aboo al-Husain Muslim ibn
al-Hajjaj al-Naisaabooree al-Qushairee, who was his student, sharing
many of the same teachers. These two books are the most authentic books
after the Quran. As for the statement of al-Shafi’i, who said “I do not
know of a book containing knowledge more correct than Malik’s book,” -
others mentioned it with a different wording – he said this before the
books of Bukhari and Muslim. The book of Bukhari is the more authentic
of the two and more useful.
Ibn Hajar quoted
Aboo Ja’far al-‘Uqailee as saying, "After Bukhari had written the Sahih,
he read it to Ali ibn al-Madini, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Yahya ibn Ma'in as
well as others. They considered it a good effort and testified to its
authenticity with the exception of four hadith. Al-‘Uqailee then said
that Bukhari was actually correct regarding those four hadith." Ibn
Hajar then concluded, "And they are, in fact, authentic.
Not inclusive of all authentic hadith
Ibn
al-Salah said in his Muqaddimah: "It has been narrated to us that
Bukhari has said, 'I have not included in the book al-Jami’ other than
what is authentic and I did not include other authentic hadith for the
sake of brevity.'"[7] In addition, al-Dhahabi said, "Bukhari was heard
saying, 'I have memorized one hundred thousand authentic hadith and two
hundred thousand which are less than authentic.'
Number of hadith
Ibn
al-Salah also said: "The number of hadith in his book, the Sahih, is
seven thousand, two hundred and seventy five hadith including hadith
occurring repeatedly. It has been said that this number excluding
repeated hadith is four thousand."[9] This is referring to those hadith
which are musnad,[10] those from the Companions originating from the
Prophet with what is apparently a connected chain.
The lection
Al-Bukhari
traveled widely throughout the Abbasid empire for sixteen years,
lecting those traditions he thought trustworthy. It is said that
al-Bukhari lected over 300,000 hadith and included only 2,602 traditions
in his Sahih[12] [13] [14]; however, this number contradicts the number
given by Ibn al-Salah, 7275 hadith, as mentioned above.
The book covers
almost all aspects of life in providing proper guidance of Islam such as
the method of performing prayers and other actions of worship directly
from the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Sahih al-Bukhari is the work of over
16 years by Bukhari, who before writing any Hadith in this book
performed ablution and two units of prayer asking guidance from Allah.
Then he would do the necessary research and investigation, observing if
the particular Hadith fits in to his strict criteria of authenticity and
if he is sure that the Hadith is authentic, he wrote it in the book.
Bukhari finished
his work around 846, and spent the last twenty-four years of his life
visiting other cities and scholars, teaching the hadith he had lected.
In every city that he visited, thousands of people would gather in the
main mosque to listen to him recite traditions. In reply to Western
academic doubts as to the actual date and authorship of the book that
bears his name, Sunni scholars point out that notable hadith scholars of
that time, such as Ahmad Ibn Hanbal (855 CE/241 AH), Ibn Maīn (847
CE/233 AH), and Ibn Madīni (848 CE/234 AH), accepted the authenticity of
his book [1] [2] and that the lection's immediate fame makes it
unlikely that it could have been revised after the author's death.
During this period
of twenty-four years, Bukhari made minor revisions to his book, notably
the chapter headings. Each version is named by its narrator. According
to Ibn Hajar Asqalani in his book Nukat, the number of hadiths in all
versions is the same. The most famous one today is the version narrated
by al-Firabri (d. 932 CE/320 AH), a trusted student of Bukhari. Khatib
al-Baghdadi in his book History of Baghdad quoted Firabri as saying:
"About seventy thousand people heard Sahih Bukhari with me".
Firabri is not the
only transmitter of Sahih Bukhari. There were many others that narrated
that book to later generations, such as Ibrahim ibn Ma'qal (d. 907
CE/295 AH), Hammad ibn Shaker (d. 923 CE/311 AH), Mansur Burduzi (d. 931
CE/319 AH) and Husain Mahamili (d. 941 CE/330 AH). There are many books
that noted differences between these versions, the best known being
Fath al-Bari.
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